Uterus, Womb or Endometrium The uterus or "womb" is part of the female reproductive system It is the part of the body in which a baby grows The lower portion of the uterus is called the cervix. It provides the connection between the cavity or body of the uterus and the vagina The lining of the uterus is called the "endometrium" The term "uterine cancer" generally refers to cancer arising from the lining or endometrium of the uterus, although it can also at times refer to cervical carcinomas or cancers from the muscle of the uterus (myometrium) Cancers of the uterus comprise 4% of all cancers but are the commonest cause of malignancies of the female reproductive system, excluding the pre-cancerous lesions like carcinoma in situ of the cervix Endometrial cancer of the uterus usually produces early symptoms which leads to early diagnosis with a generally successful treatment outcome There has been a significant decrease in the number of women who develop endometrial cancer each year since 1975